Effect of Odour and Lighting Intensity on Memory Recall

Effect of Odour and Lighting Intensity on Memory Recall Galindez, Dale Gilbert Varela, Sebastian Franco Yarte, Sonja Lynn Zaidem, Arwin Alexis The Effect of Intensity of Odor and Lighting of Environment to Memory Recall The principle of encoding specificity has been a key factor for memory recall. It has been found that a person has a higher chance of retrieving an information if they are in the same place where they have encoded the information (Tulving and Thomson, 1973). However, even if a person is in the exact place where he encoded the information, there are factors that should be considered to make the principle of encoding specificity stronger. A key factor would be attention. Attention usually refers to concentration on a particular aspect of the external environment, although it is possible to attend to one’s own thoughts and other internal states. The essence of the typical use of the term is captured in a statement by 19th century German physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz, who noted that an observer who is steadily gazing at a fixation mark can, at the same time, concentrate attention on any given part of the visual field. The point in space, to which one is directing one’s eyes and the point to which one is attending to, thus are not necessarily the same, and one does not have to move the eyes to shift visual attention (Chastain, 2014). Another would be state-dependent memory. A person is more likely to retrieve an information if he is back in the original state when he first encoded the information. An example would be if a person consumed a substantial amount of alcohol when they learned a certain information. There is a higher probability for the person to remember the same information if he is to consume the same substantial amount of alcohol compared to trying to remember the information without consuming alcohol at all. If those two factors are important in memory recall, then the reduction or removal of either factors will make encoding specificity significantly weaker. In that case, we, the researchers, plan on testing whether intensity of odor and lighting of the environment will have a significant effect to memory recall. Because of these two factors that affect memory recall, we have formulated questions which we intend to study about. We question if the intensity of odor alone will have a significant effect to memory recall. We also question if the lighting of an environment alone will have a significant effect to memory recall. Finally, we also question if both the intensity of odor and lighting of the environment will have a significant effect to memory recall We have formulated three hypotheses that will answer our research questions. We believe that the intensity of odor will have a significant effect to memory recall. We also believe that the lighting of the environment will have a significant effect to memory recall. Lastly, we believe that the intensity of odor and lighting of the environment will have a significant effect to memory recall. Literature Review After the study has been done by Tulving and Thomson in 1973, many people questioned that the validity of the study seemed more correlational than causational. Because of these uncertainties, many studies were done after the original study. Pointer and Bond (1998) used the same principle but it was focused on the context-dependent memory. The study was done by having the participants remember a passage which was previously chunked for 21 times. The paper in which the passage was printed was scented with peppermint, and was colored bright yellow. Then, the researchers measured how many chunks the participants were able to remember after they were made to answer a word search puzzle. A half or a full point was given to the participants for every right chunk they gave. It was found out that context-dependent memory is present in the olfactory cue, but not in the visual cue. Another study based from the original study was â€Å"Encoding Specificity Manipulations do Affect Retrieval from Memory† (Zeelenberg, 2005). The study describes two kinds of errors people may make with regards to memory. One is errors of omission wherein people fail to retrieve information in their memory and the other one is errors of commission wherein people retrieve information that did not actually happen. This study focuses and questions the idea of how people report what they have retrieved. The study mainly points out that what the participants have retrieved, whether right or wrong, is not necessarily what they report. Participants in an encoding specificity experiment may actually have retrieved the right words but due to their lack of confidence and in an attempt to reduce the number of mistakes they might commit, they do not report what they have retrieved. Due to the experimenters’ awareness that errors like this may affect their results, the method they used were the presentation of a target word, which the participants should retrieve. However, this target word had two cue words, which were presented to the participants, were something that they could use as retrieval cues. Another study, Age differences in encoding specificity (Puglisi JT et al, 1988) focuses on how the encoding specificity ability of people are affected by age. In their experiment, participants were divided into 2 groups; the first were a group of young adults who had an average age of 19.2, and the second group were old adults with an average age of 71.4. The study task presented had targets and retrieval cues that had either a strong or a weak semantic relationship. Additionally, cues presented at recall were either the same as or different from those presented at encoding, resulting in four encoding cues—retrieval cue combinations: (a) strong encoding cue and (same) strong retrieval cue; (b) weak encoding cue and (same) weak retrieval cue; (c) weak encoding cue and (different) strong retrieval cue; (d) strong encoding cue and (different) weak retrieval cue. (Puglisi JT et al, 1988). Participants were able to recall the target words better when cues at encoding were the same when it was presented to them at retrieval, as compared to participants whose cues in encoding were different in retrieval. They found out however, that when old adults were under divided attention when received verbal cues, there was more evidence of general encoding rather than encoding specificity. Moss’ study, â€Å"Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang† focuses on how the aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang oils help in the cognitive performance of people. Their cognitive performances were measured using the Cognitive Drug Research Computerized Assessment System. One group of participants were exposed to the aromas of peppermint and another one was exposed to the aroma of ylang-ylang. There was also a control group, in which there was no exposure to any kind of aroma. The results showed that the group that was exposed to the ylang-ylang had better cognitive performance than the control group while the group that was exposed to the peppermint scent did not have a significant difference to the cognitive performance of those in the control group. References Chastain, G. (2014). Attention. Salem Press Encyclopedia Of Health, Miles, C., Jenkins, R. (2000). Recency and suffix effects with immediate recall of olfactory stimuli. Memory, 8(3), 195-205. doi:10.1080/096582100387605 Moss, M., Hewitt, S., Moss, L., Wesnes, K. (2008). Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang. The International Journal Of Neuroscience, 118(1), 59-77. Puglisi, J., Park, D., Smith, A., Dudley, W. (1988). Age Differences in Encoding Specificity.Journal of Gerontology, P145-P150. Pointer, S. C., Bond, N. W. (1998). Context-dependent memory: colour versus odour.Chemical Senses, 23(3), 359-362. Tulving, E., Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes inepisodic memory. Psychological Review, 80(5), 352-373. doi:10.1037/h0020071 Zeelenberg, R. (2004). Encoding specificity manipulations do affect retrieval frommemory. Acta Psychologica, 107-121.

My Speech About Adolf Hitler and Diversity, and How to Explain It to Grade School Children, If I Were the Teacher

There is no nice way to explain who Adolf Hitler was, and what he was guilty of. There would of course, have to be notices sent home to parents explaining what is going to be taught and they would of course need to sign a permission slip for each student. My Speech about Adolf Hitler and Diversity All men and women, were created equal but sometimes if a person who has something against another type of person, very bad things can happen. People can get hurt, and we don’t want anyone to be hurt, do we?I am here today to explain to all of you why it is wrong to judge other people. There was once a man called, Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler, was the chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Hitler was also the head of the Nazi Party in Germany a long time ago. Hitler believed that not all men were the same. Because of his beliefs, he led Nazi Germany on an attack against people who in his mind, were bad people because they were different. The Nazi Party were a group of men and women wh o believed how Adolf Hitler believed.Hitler, was the head of these Nazis but because they were all in a position of power, they used their power to hurt other people. The Nazi’s main targets were the Jewish people. Hitler commanded his Nazis to capture all Jewish people, and then separate them into Concentration Camps. Once the Jewish men, women and children were there, they were abused and in most cases, killed. The Nazis also targeted people who were against their cause. There were many people who were against them. Adolf Hitler was guilty of organizing over 11-million deaths.Over 6-million people were Jewish. Not only did Adolf Hitler hate people who did not fit into his idea of what a person should look like, what they should believe or what race they were, but he also targeted people with disabilities. Hitler married a woman named Eva Braun. The Red Army (which was a militia of Russian peasants and workers), along with America and Britian, defeated Nazi Germany on May 2, 1945. Survivors who were enslaved in the Concentration Camps were freed. Hitler and Eva Braun killed themselves.So really this is a lesson to you all. Accept people for who they are and enjoy the fact that not everyone is alike. Diversity is a blessing and a person or a nation can grow from diversity because we can learn new things. Take America for instance: we have pizza from Italy, we get the word Kindergarten from Germany, we have Chinese food restaurants, and Mexican food! That is just to name a few. We are rich in culture! Diversity is awesome guys and remember: all men and women were created equal.

Where to Find College Topics Essay

Where to Find College Topics Essay I hope that the University of Chicago will give me a chance to be successful again. People started to stare at me. Admissions officers wish to understand what's important to you and how your background has shaped you as an individual. Colleges wish to realize what you're interested in and how you intend to work towards your aims. EssayEdge is the top application essay editing service on the planet. Once you get your completed essay, be sure to tell all your friends what a good service it is and what's the perfect place to acquire cheap essays. This feature can be quite helpful to students that are suddenly called away from their computer, and are not able to finish their course in 1 session. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Let's return to the TV idea. We're prepared to tell your story in a personal statement that speaks to each decision-maker. While it's annoying, starting over is sometimes the very best approach to find an essay that you're really pleased with. Instead it prescribes a means to read. It may be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma anything that's of personal significance, regardless of the scale. Bear in mind that a number of classes will merely offer you these 2 chances to earn a last grade. The course examines the start of the remainder of the. These sorts of qualities are going to have profound effect on your college experience, but they're tricky to determine based on a high school transcript. A great personal qualities essay comes out of a topic you truly feel zealous about. But if there's something which you truly want in life, you need to go out there and contribute it. All About College Topics Essay Use the essay to demonstrate how you differ from the rest of the capable applicants. When the payment was processed, students will obtain a user ID and password, which they need to log into the on-line course. Even though some teachers claim they prepare you for college, most students wouldn't consider it a work well done. Students should follow the typical personal essay format. I used mental preparation to keep my competitive edge for the remainder of the season. The better part of the students that leave the very first years do so during the initial six weeks of the fall term since they have never been in a position to create a successful transition. This leaves several new students fighting to adjust to their new atmosphere. The beginning transition to college can be among the most difficult, the application procedure. The college admission essay provides the student a chance to introduce himself or herself to an admissions committee. You absolutely have to redo this photo after 20 decades. I'm a firm believer in growth through experience, but college is among the biggest transitions an individual will make. If you have gotten a less than stellar grade, you might be thinking about how you should address it upon your college application. Because that job is intimidating, it's often hard to choose where to get started. Describe some tasks that you've accomplished over the last two years which don't have any connection to academic studies. Obviously, it's even more advisable to find a head start and start your planning earlier. Fortunately the terminal automation doesn't allow for such things to occur.

Effective Management Techniques For Children With Adhd

Effective management techniques for teachers to help kids with ADHD There are many things that a teacher should do, and has to do and one of those things is b an advocate for one of their students if there is a need for that. One thing that I have been thinking about a lot when it comes to topics that are important to be a child’s advocate for and that is ADHD. This is an important topic so I will be giving teachers some ways of how to help the teacher keep kids with ADHD in a general education classroom, along with manage the ADHD that the kids have. I think that this is an important topic that teachers should be an advocate for because it allows the kid to feel somewhat normal. Even if they are dealing with a disability and no being singled out and pulled out of a classroom to receive special education that is tailored to them and their learning disability. Before we even think of talking about how to handle kids with ADHD we need to know what signs to look for to tell if a child has ADHD. The signs teachers should be aware of that tell them one of their students has ADHD are displaying inappropriate levels of inattention and/ or hyperactivity-impulsivity for a student’s developmental stage of their life (DuPaul and Jimerson, 2014). That is not the only thing that characterizes a student that has ADHD another thing that teachers should be looking for is â€Å"attentional impairments can be evident in lapses of attention, carelessness in cognitive tasks, forgetfulness, orShow MoreRelatedThe Behavior Therapy For Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder At School1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Behavior Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at school By : Sarah Alharbi Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is one of the most well-known behavioral disorder in children (Madhuri 2015), Which estimated all year at about 3–10% between children worldwide. A.D.H.D is more commonly observed in boys five times more than girls ( Jonna 2006). There is no doubt that ADHD children exacts an enormous burden on society in terms of financial cost, stressRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder1656 Words   |  7 Pagesinterferers with your development†. As of 2013, it affects 11 percent of children between the ages of 4-17 and is more prevalent in boys than in girls. (http://www.additudemag.com/adhd/article/688.html) ADHD with aggression is very common as well. The aggression aspect can be shown through ADHD being in combination with disorders like, Disruptive Behavior Disorder. This aspect of aggression is an important detail because ADHD children with aggression are at higher risk for criminal behavior and alcoholismRead MoreThe Multimodal Treatment Of Adhd794 Words   |  4 Pagesyoung children with ADHD. When parenting techniques are proven to be ineffective or the symptoms are too severe to be corrected with behavioral modifications alone, pharmacological interventions may take precedence (Connor, 2002) . Contrarily, multimodal treatment packages have been a main focus for the last decade (Mash Barkley, 2006; Hinshaw, Klein, Abikoff, 2007). The Multimodal Treatment of ADHD (MTA) study is arguably the most influential study regarding evidence-based treatment for ADHD. TheRead MoreThe Best Treatment For Children With Adhd1191 Words   |  5 Pagestreatment for children with ADHD? It is a question that concerns both researchers and practitioners alike. Although research supports the effectiveness of stimulants (Van der Oord, Prins, Oosterlaan, Emmelkamp, 2008) there are growing concerns about the rare yet serious side effects of these and other ADHD medications (Kubiszyn, 2006). It has generally been agreed in past studies that only two treatments have been validated as effective short-term treatment for school-aged children with ADHD: psychosocialRead MoreBehavior Modification Therapy For Children855 Words   |  4 Pagestreat ADHD symptoms; Cognitive therapy is one of those options, this therapy aims to help the child learn to better manage certain life skills such as problem solving and self-control. 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These children are often impatient and find it difficult to filter out other things going on around them .Bines H, Loxlely ,A (1995) state that typically, ADHD students will have an incredibly short attention span and find it difficult to concentrate on specific tasks. According Silver L,B (1999) on-line to children with ADHD experience educational difficulties however ADHD is not a learningRead MoreStudy of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children1329 Words   |  5 PagesADHD in Children Abstract The occurrence of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been on the rise in primary school children in recent years. This study explains how this disorder impacts upon the daily life of such students, how much harmful it can be to childs mental stability while growing up and how it hinders in their learning process. Moreover, this study also focuses on the treatment methods and techniques employed by the parents and teachers of such students and howRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosed with ADHD, 60 million children and adults in the U.S. who struggle with learning and attention issues as reported by the National Center of Learning Disabilities. Approximately 5% of school-aged children and adolescents are highly affected. Currently, medication seems to be the first line of treatment for ADHD and there are many side effects that go along with that because it is a stimulant medication. Stimulant medicines do not help with all behaviors and signs of ADHD. ADHD is the most common

Salvation is in the hands of the Sinner - 1625 Words

In the 16th century English morality play â€Å"Everyman† who’s author is unknown. Everyman has an encounter with death who reminds him who his maker is and that it is time to make a reckoning of his good and bad deeds. He realizes that salvation lies in his hands, and that it is a personal decision that only he can make. One senses the desperation in the heart of Everyman, having realized that his life was blackened with sin; he strives to change the black he has accumulated in the â€Å"book of counts† and change it to a book of white. Everyman feels like he must make atonement for his sin, in order to escape death, for salvation is in the hands of the sinner. Death is something everyone is familiar with and at the same time very much afraid of.†¦show more content†¦(213-214).When Everyman explains the journey that he will be traveling on, Fellowship tells Everyman that there was no way he could make a journey like that with him and runs away as fast as he could. Conley with MAA wrote, â€Å"The plot of Everyman obviously consists of a test of friendship made by a worldly young man when he suddenly learns that God has summoned him to his reckoning† (Conley, 1969, p. 374). Everyman finds out that friendship is not always what it appears to be when it comes to giving of one’s life. He still had not met the friend as David wrote in Proverbs, â€Å"A man of too many friends comes to ruin, but there is a friend who sticks closer than a brother† (Prov18:24). He then runs into Kindred and Cousin and makes an appeal to them, only to find that they to want no part of his journey. Everyman realizes that money cannot help him in his situation now as the author writes,† Where art thou, my Goods and riches? (391). Matson with John Hopkins writes, â€Å" Everymans emotional ups and downs as he faces brief elation followed by empty disappointment when one after another personified traits and virtues first champion, and then desert him† (Matson, 1957, p. 53). When one depends on just themselves, and the friends that they have come to know, one is only headed for disappointment when it comes to having someone standing by your side to the end. When Everyman meets up with his friend Goods, he tell him that hisShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God915 Words   |  4 Pagesin his sermon, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (July 8, 1741), claims that the unconverted are hanging from the hands of God, and can be dropped off to the eternity of hell, his sermon is used to make the sinners be afraid and understand how the p ower of God is saving them, but it is only for his pleasure, unless if they return to Christianity. Edwards strengths his argument by using metaphors and imagery of a wrathful God to make the unconverted people afraid of being sinners and encourage themRead MoreThe Core Beliefs That I Build My Life915 Words   |  4 Pagesguiding Hand that has been preserving Its purity. It is my belief that God offers us salvation through His Son. This salvation comes through His grace and by our faith in Him. Salvation can only be accomplished through first, acknowledging that you are a sinner. This accompanies a realization that you have done wrong, and that not only is no one else perfect, but neither are you. You must realize that there is a payment for our sins, which is an eternity in Hell. The second part of the salvation processRead MoreArguments Supporting Perseverance Of The Saints1308 Words   |  6 Pageselect, redeem, and restore a people for God’s glory.† Those who subscribe to such theology believe that God chose certain individuals to receive gift of salvation. Prior to receiving the gift of salvation, the recipients are dead in sin and unable to perceive the things of God (Eph. 2:1). According to this branch of soteriology, God causes sinners to become alive with Christ, and guarantees a spot in heaven with Christ for those who are in Christ. Paul stated: â€Å"But God, being rich in mercy, becauseRead More Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Edwardss sermon, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God is moving and powerful. His effectiveness as an eighteenth century New England religious leader is rooted in his expansive knowledge of the Bible and human nature, as well as a genuine desire to awaken and save as many souls as possible. This sermon, delivered in 1741, exhibits Edwardss skillful use of these tools to persuade his congregation to join him in his Christian beliefs. As many religious leaders before and after himRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Salvation And Salvation1074 Words   |  5 PagesDOCTRINE OF SALVATION INTRODUCTION This week we have studied soteriology or the doctrine of salvation. Salvation must be grounded in the work of Christ and is how God saves what was lost to sin and death and restores life. Salvation is called many things, i.e. redemption, resurrection, victory, peace, rebirth, or ransom. However, the New Testament contains two primary descriptions of salvation, the arrival of God’s kingdom and justification of the ungodly by faith in Christ. (Lecture 2). This paperRead MoreMan s Understanding Of The World915 Words   |  4 Pagesfree will of man is also seen within the acceptance of the gospel message. God does not force the free gift of salvation on anybody, but rather asks them to willingly accept it. When the sinner is confronted with the gospel message he must choose whether he wants to accept salvation or pay the penalty with eternal punishment in the lake of fire. God wants all men to accept the gift of salvation but He wants them to do it willingly. He has not created men to be mindless servants that obey all He commandsRead MoreTheological Debate in the Bible1656 Words   |  7 Pagescapable in its own capacity to believe the gospel unto salvation. The sinner is ignorant to the things that pertain to God. Man’s overall nature is corrupt and he does not have free-will because he is bound to his naturally evil tendencies with the result being that he will always choose evil over good. The next idea is that of â€Å"unconditional election.† Because of God’s sovereign will, He chose particular individuals to partake in salvation before the world was created. This choice was not basedRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Christianity1486 Words   |  6 Pagescan have a personal relationship with God, God is a forgiving God and salvation is through Jesus Christ only. One of the supreme aspect that separates Christianity from the rest of the world religions is the fact that Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah. Several other religions, such as Islam and Baha’i, believe Jesus to be a prophet or a manifestation of God but not the Messiah (Corduan, 2012, p. 115, 172). 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Furthermore, during the First Great Awakening, American colonists gained a deeper sense of personal revelation through the salvation of Jesus Christ. Unlike the Age of Enlightenment, the Great Awakening introduced Christianity into the American colonies as well as reshaping many different churches such as the Dutch Reformed Church, Presbyterian Church, German denominations, and

The Contribution of NUR 300 Class Free Essays

NUR 3000 is meant to be a bridge for the adult student, by which he or she may make a smooth transition into an academic setting while assuming new responsibilities as a nursing student. The course is designed to give to the student those skills which are necessary for the successful completion of the student’s education. There are specific skills needed to be successful as a nurse and this course is designed to bring those to the student. We will write a custom essay sample on The Contribution of NUR 300 Class or any similar topic only for you Order Now The educational goals set by the student can best be achieved if the student is fully versed on all the tools of the trade, and NUR 3000 is designed for that purpose. During the course of this class the student participates in discussions concerning the role of the student nurse vis a vis the university milieu. The student is required to demonstrate the ability to produce an academic work meeting the guidelines of the American Psychological Association style. The student is instructed in ways to identify the tools needed by professional nurses in the course of their duties. This includes guidelines for evidence-based practice and the student is taught to apply those tools to further productivity and learning. The student is taught to identify a system in which responsibilities can be prioritized. In this course there are participatory discussions relative to the most efficient methods of educating clients and colleagues. The use of a word processor is virtually mandatory in any technical work and knowledge of the ways in which it can be used is vitally important to nurses (L. Pray, personal communication, February 20, 2007).   In this course the students becomes familiar with all aspects of the program and are then expected to be skilled in their uses. The old typewriter, which the word processor replaced, served but one purpose, which was to put print onto a sheet of paper. The word processor is multi-dimensional and saves time and effort, which can be better spent on clients and other work. The word processor has become indispensable, and students of this course are now competent on it. There are different formatting styles in academic writing. Nurses are expected to become proficient in the American Psychological style. The course teaches student nurses the nuances of this particular style, coupled with the understanding of what its primary use happens to be.   It is for scientific works primarily and has a unique method for in text citations and referencing. ‘APA is a widely accepted format for writing research papers, particularly for social science manuscripts and theses,’ (APA, n.d.). Coupled with the word processor, it is one more weapon in the nurse’s arsenal, and beneficial in the spreading of information in a uniform manner. There is a distinction between scholarly journals, periodicals and popular magazines, with much of that difference in the quality of the written word. Peer reviewed material is considered the highest authority available to the student. Journalists write popular magazine articles, for the most part. They are frequently full of opinion and conjecture. Periodicals are the most prolific in terms of sales. They are ubiquitous and come in various formats, with ‘Some periodicals [using] the newspaper format,’ (Burkart, 1964, 11-22). The course has taught that peer review material is the most reliable and valuable source of information. No academic writing can contain plagiarized material. It is not only theft of intellectual property, it is a disservice to the creator of the material. The reason that APA style is so useful is that it makes it relatively easy to cite the source of any material or idea used in an academic paper. There is no excuse to overlook the citation of another person’s work. Though Mallon wrote, in Stolen Words, that the Romans often reworded Greek literature and that Virgil is Homeric (1991), that is not a license to steal. Paraphrasing and summarizing are techniques used in academic writing to set apart words and ideas that do not belong the author of the document. They are not the same as a direct quote, but still convey the gist of the idea. Paraphrases take the original author’s words and put them into the words of the student writing the new paper. Summaries have the flavor of the original but lack the detail. Both must be attributed to the creator of the original words or ideas in the text of the new document. In this course students learn to cope with the stress that naturally arises on the job.   Job related stress among nurses can be a source of illness and lead to burnout. According to the Framingham Heart Study data, failure to show or discuss anger leads to coronary problems later in life (Thomas, 2004). This course teaches the student effective methods to deal with what can become a major problem if not addressed. The time management strategies that are taught in this course have been beneficial. The concept of assessing where the time goes and how the student spends it will be an asset to be used in the field when the student becomes the nurse. One advantage to online learning is that the student can, within limits, go at his or he own pace. The student can learn anytime or anywhere, again, within reason. However, they take up time, for they utilize the printed word as opposed to oral lecture. Still, it appears that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. This course was designed to teach student nurses the basics job skills required in the nursing profession. It covered the topics well and did a superior job of instructing the students in the subject matter with which it dealt. References .APA style. (n.d.) Retrieved 2-22-07 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style J. Burkart, (1964)   The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 11-22 Retrieved 2-22-07 from:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-1821%28196411%2913%3A1%3C11%3ARTIPP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9size=SMALL   Mallon, T., (1991) Stolen Words U.S.A.: Penguin Books 4 Thomas, S. 2004 Transforming Nurses’ Stress and Anger New York: Singer Publishing Co. Inc.   50          How to cite The Contribution of NUR 300 Class, Essay examples

Marketing Principles of Woolworth-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Makreting Strategy of Woolworth Marketing Principles. Answer: The Woolworth articles focus on Woolworth marketing strategy as a mechanism that has been devised by the company to improve its sales and to attract more customers into its marketing environment. The article title statement demonstrates that the companies have changed its marketing strategy and has the intent of communicating so to their clients through advertisements. The article is a demonstration of how Woolworth has applied marketing principles strategies in enhancing sufficient business prosperity with a purpose adapting to marketing environmental changes (NewsComAu 2017) Marketing principles are strategies that have been adopted by organizations, companies, and institutions to meet customers' demands while at the same time improving on the company management strategies to fit into the modern marketing environmental changes. Marketing principles include strategies such as pricing, promotion, product, placing (Armstrong et al. 2014). Adopted marketing principles in any organization should be in-line with marketing environmental changes. Marketing environmental changes that are considered to align with marketing principles are economic, technology legal, political and socio-cultural factors (Ajagbe et al. 2015). The Woolworth Company tends to employ marketing principles of pricing, promotion, product and placing in the following ways. First, the company is promoting the company online marketing strategy through advertisements by encouraging shoppers to join its online marketing community. Secondly, the company has used the promotional strategy of advertisements to declare their interest to their customers. Thirdly, the company has flexible placing as it allows their clients to shop online and at designated locations thus ensuring qualified customer's need satisfaction and comfortability. Some of the environmental strategies that the company has combined in its marketing principle are the use of modern technology in marketing, promoting and advertising its product. The company has adopted the use of technology by allowing online purchase and booking of products where clients used microchips cards instead of cash to pay for their items. The company is also social and economic sense as it waives some products for clienteles and allows clients an opportunity to interact with them. The company intends not only to withdraw customer attentions by use of advertisements but also by use of promotional mechanism where customers are provided with free sampling groceries which are obtained from selected supermarkets and also delivered at clients homes. Organizations that desire to compete with other agencies in the business environment equally should thrive in researching and identifying customers needs and focus on developing strategies to achieving customers need through proper analysis and implementation of appropriate customer concerns. Providing customers with free sampling emanates a greater opportunity for the company to register general feedback on their products thus enabling the company to build on strong customer relationship and compete with rival companies in customer service provision. Advertisements also create a greater opportunity for the company to market itself to clients within a wide range of marketing niche. Through advertisements, companies can reach the vast majority of people within a short time. However, the mode of advertisements used in marketing a product determines a product influence in the society. The modern globalized world encourages the use of technology in product advertisements. This is due to globalization that has led to the introduction of machinery such as telephones, iPhone, and laptops where people can easily access information. Woolworth does not only focus on the marketing principles but is also concerned on how to implement the marketing principles to meet its customers' needs best. Woolworth uses practical skills to maintain business stability and to attract more customers into its organization. The company has established physical availability by ensuring that their products are available both online and offline thus providing clients comfortability. Woolworth also makes good use of modern marketing strategy through the use of technology in engaging their customers. Finally, Woolworth has invested in long-term sustainability strategy of monitoring the company performance by keeping track of the company marketing metrics. The company welcomes customers who have benefited from the sample to contribute their views through the organization website which they refer as the bunch. Customers participation in an organization's progress enables the organization to track performance. The company is also able to bu ild on its weaknesses and strengthens on the company achievements thus leading to enhanced marketing relationship between clients and the company. Another significance of allowing customers to contribute to the type of services offered to them by the organization is to enable the company monitor on customers' metrics by evaluating on the customer's contributions on their portal. The company is then able to carry out arithmetic calculation on customers views and determine the customer percentage that is pleased or displeased with their offered services. References Ajagbe, A.M., Ogbari, M.E., Oke, A.O. and Isiavwe, D.T., 2015. Review of global marketing environment and entrepreneurship development.International Journal of Commerce and Law, pp.1-14 Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014. Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia NewsComAu. (2017). We're giving customers full-sized portions for free'. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/woolworths-seeks-thousands-of-shoppers-to-join-online-sampling-community-the-bunch/news-story/4354991975f60666f7e18306670b37b7 [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017]. Special Issue on Behavioral Ethics in Organizations. (2011). Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 116(1), p.